Systems of accountability for police who violate the U.S. Constitution are broken. Among other mechanisms of accountability, the judicial system should provide a path for victims to obtain a remedy when their constitutional rights are violated. Yet unless the law is clearly established beyond debate, the doctrine of qualified immunity...
The reforms called for by the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) (National Research Council, 2012; NGSS Lead States, 2013) involve students using scientific and engineering practices to construct disciplinary knowledge with others. For this work to be meaningful, students need to understand what they were doing and how their actions...